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Other factors associated with increase of fertility include: Social pressure: Women have an increased probability to have another child when there is social pressure from parents, relatives, and friends to do so. [1] For example, fertility increases during the one to two years after a sibling or a co-worker has a child. [1]
[2] [5] This helps to distinguish the specific effects of women's education from the benefits of education in general. Note that some studies, particularly older ones, do simply look at women's total education levels. [3] One way to measure education levels is to look at what percentage of each gender graduates from each stage of school.
Women's participation in formal politics is lower than men's throughout the world. [70] The argument put forth by scholars Jacquetta Newman and Linda White is that women's participation in the realm of high politics is crucial if the goal is to affect the quality of public policy.
[63] [64] Family planning is particularly important from a women's rights perspective, as having very many pregnancies, especially in areas where malnutrition is present, can seriously endanger women's health. UNFA writes that "Family planning is central to gender equality and women's empowerment, and it is a key factor in reducing poverty". [65]
In 1990, women's labor force participation in the US was 74% compared to the non-US average of 67.1%, ranking the US 6th out of 22. In 2010, women's participation increased slightly to 75.2% in the US, while the non-US average jumped more than 12 percentage points to 79.5%. As a result, US women ranked 17th out of 22 countries only 20 years later.
Women's responsibilities at home make it difficult to take part and engage in decision-making. [60] As this indicates that women's needs, priorities and skills are being ignored when managing resources and making decision. This affects empowerment in community and the power to create changes. [59] [60] The effects of violence against women