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Parenteral nutrition (PN), or intravenous feeding, is the feeding of nutritional products to a person intravenously, [1] bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. The products are made by pharmaceutical compounding entities or standard pharmaceutical companies.
Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. This contrasts with parenteral nutrition or drug administration (Greek para, "besides" + enteros), which occurs from routes outside the GI tract, such as intravenous routes. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large ...
The parenteral route is any route that is not enteral (par-+ enteral). Parenteral administration can be performed by injection, that is, using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe, [16] or by the insertion of an indwelling catheter. Locations of application of parenteral administration include: Central nervous system:
Systemic administration is a route of administration of medication, nutrition or other substance into the circulatory system so that the entire body is affected. [1] Administration can take place via enteral administration (absorption of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract) [ 2 ] or parenteral administration (generally injection ...
This provides enteral nutrition (making use of the natural digestion process of the gastrointestinal tract) despite bypassing the mouth; enteral nutrition is generally preferable to parenteral nutrition (which is only used when the GI tract must be avoided).
Enteral nutrition/feeding refers to any method of nutrition through the whole gastrointestinal tract including oral feeding. Parenteral nutrition/feeding refers to nutrition through non-enteral route e.g. intravenous.
The government agency is tightening its standards for "healthy" claims. And for the first time in 30 years, its labeling rules will be updated to reflect new nutrition standards.
Parenteral nutrition (administering of nutrition intravenously) should be started when enteral nutrition is not possible or sufficient or in high-risk subjects. [176] Before undergoing surgery, a subject should avoid long periods of fasting. Oral feeding should be established as soon as possible after surgery.