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In mathematics the spin group, denoted Spin(n), [1] [2] is a Lie group whose underlying manifold is the double cover of the special orthogonal group SO(n) = SO(n, R), such that there exists a short exact sequence of Lie groups (when n ≠ 2)
Spintronics emerged from discoveries in the 1980s concerning spin-dependent electron transport phenomena in solid-state devices. This includes the observation of spin-polarized electron injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a normal metal by Johnson and Silsbee (1985) [5] and the discovery of giant magnetoresistance independently by Albert Fert et al. [6] and Peter Grünberg et al. (1988). [7]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 January 2025. Multi-spool spinning frame Model of spinning jenny in the Museum of Early Industrialisation, Wuppertal, Germany. The spinning jenny is a multi- spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialisation of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial ...