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RUB A535 (also known as Antiphlogistine) is a rubefacient introduced in 1919 and manufactured by Church & Dwight in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [1]A 1914 advertisement. While little known outside of Canada, it is used there for the treatment of tough muscle pain, arthritic pains, rheumatic pains, bursitis, lumbago, etc. [2] [3] Church and Dwight say on their website that nearly all the research ...
Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks , it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space . [ 5 ]
The needle size, length and type should be selected based on the site, depth and patient's body habitus. 22–24G needles are sufficed for most injections. [1] As an example, ultrasound-guided hip joint injection [16] can be considered when symptoms persist despite initial treatment options such as activity modification, analgesia and physical ...
An artificial joint typically lasts 10 to 15 years. [11] Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting about 237 million people or 3.3% of the world's population as of 2015. [4] [12] It becomes more common as people age. [1] Among those over 60 years old, about 10% of males and 18% of females are affected. [2]
Prolotherapy involves the injection of an irritant solution into a joint space, [22] weakened ligament, or tendon insertion to relieve pain. [ 7 ] Most commonly, hyperosmolar dextrose (a sugar) is the solution used; [ 23 ] glycerine , [ 20 ] lidocaine (a commonly used local anesthetic ), [ 24 ] phenol , [ 20 ] and sodium morrhuate (a derivative ...
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure for managing joint inflammation, particularly synovitis associated with osteoarthritis. Radiosynoviorthesis involves the intra-articular injection of radioactive isotopes to specifically treat the inflamed synovial membrane.
When an effect is only required in one joint, a joint injection (or intra-articular injection) may be administered into the articular space surrounding the joint. These injections can range from a one-time dose of a steroid to help with pain and inflammation to complete replacement of the synovial fluid with a compound such as hyaluronic acid. [22]
Patients with a fever, suspected flare of existing arthritis, or unknown cause of joint effusion should undergo arthrocentesis with synovial fluid analysis. Samples of synovial fluid can be analyzed for gross appearance, presence of crystals, white blood cell count with differential, red blood cell count, and bacterial culture.