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The phycobilins of red algae absorb blue-green light which penetrates deeper into water than red light, enabling them to photosynthesize in deep waters. Each absorbed photon causes the formation of an exciton (an electron excited to a higher energy state) in the pigment molecule.
Henry Cavendish, in 1766–81, identified hydrogen gas as a distinct substance [15] and discovered its property of producing water when burned; hence its name means "water-former" in Greek. Understanding the colors of light absorbed and emitted by hydrogen was a crucial part of developing quantum mechanics .
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the energy-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane of plants , algae , and cyanobacteria .
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen (H 2): [2] Water electrolysis ship Hydrogen Challenger. Production of hydrogen from water is energy intensive. Usually, the electricity consumed is more valuable than the hydrogen produced, so this method has not been widely used.
Photocatalytic water splitting is a process that uses photocatalysis for the dissociation of water (H 2 O) into hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen (O 2). The inputs are light energy , water, and a catalyst(s). The process is inspired by Photosynthesis, which converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates.
blue Copper(II) benzoate: Cu(C 7 H 5 O 2) 2: blue Cobalt(II) chloride: CoCl 2: dep blue Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate: CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O deep magenta Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate: MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O pink Copper(II) chloride dihydrate: CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O blue-green Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate: NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O green Lead(II) iodide: PbI 2 ...
In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two important molecules that participate in energetic processes: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ATP.
2) gas by electrolysis. Hydrogen gas released in this way can be used as hydrogen fuel, but must be kept apart from the oxygen as the mixture would be extremely explosive. Separately pressurised into convenient 'tanks' or 'gas bottles', hydrogen can be used for oxyhydrogen welding and other applications, as the hydrogen / oxygen flame can reach ...