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Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion).
- Expressed as mass ratio: 14.7 kg of air per 1 kg. of fuel. - Expressed as volume ratio: 10,000 liters of air per 1 liter of fuel. With this relationship theoretically a complete combustion of gasoline is achieved and greenhouse gas emissions would be minimal. The coefficient is defined as Lambda coefficient. If Lambda > 1 = lean mixture ...
VTEC-E (economy) was designed to achieve better fuel economy, at the cost of performance. The engine operates in "12-valve mode", where one intake valve per cylinder in the 16-valve engine remains mostly closed to attain lean burn. The lean burn mode gets the air to fuel ratio above the 14.7:1 stoichiometric ratio and thus enables extra fuel ...
A gasoline engine burns a mix of gasoline and air, consisting of a range of about twelve to eighteen parts (by weight) of air to one part of fuel (by weight). A mixture with a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric, that is when burned, 100% of the fuel and the oxygen are consumed.
Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine. In lean-burn engines the air–fuel ratio may be as lean as 65:1 (by mass). The air:fuel ratio needed to stoichiometrically combust gasoline, by contrast, is 14.64:1.
This is not to be confused with the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (or chemically-correct air-fuel ratio) which is about 14.7:1 for gasoline. When an air-fuel mixture is chemically correct it is said to be at a stoichiometric ratio, λ {\displaystyle \lambda \;} , of unity (1.0).
Currently, F1 engines rev up to about 13,000rpm, while the combustion efficiency has risen to about 40 bar BMEP and beyond, using lean and rapid burn techniques enabling λ<1 (average air/fuel ratio much leaner than 14.7:1 by mass) [14] and very high mechanical and effective compression ratios. [a]
(The fuel-air ratio (FAR) is the reciprocal of the air-fuel ratio (AFR).) λ is the air-fuel equivalence ratio, and λ=1 means that it is assumed that the fuel and the oxidising agent (oxygen in air) are present in exactly the correct proportions so that they are both fully consumed in the reaction.