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The first printed halftone photograph was an image of Prince Arthur published on October 30, 1869. [6] The New York Daily Graphic would later publish "the first reproduction of a photograph with a full tonal range in a newspaper" on March 4, 1880 (entitled "A Scene in Shantytown") with a crude halftone screen.
This effect shows fairly well in the picture at the top of this article. The grass detail and the text on the sign is well preserved, and the lightness in the sky, containing little detail. A cluster-dot halftone image of the same resolution would be much less sharp.
Shades of gray produced by FM screening. Magnified version of the same image. Stochastic screening or FM screening is a halftone process based on pseudo-random distribution of halftone dots, using frequency modulation (FM) to change the density of dots according to the gray level desired.
A duotone image, made using black and blue in Photoshop. Duotone (sometimes also known as Duplex) is a halftone reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting color halftone over another color halftone. [1] This is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image.
In order to effectively utilize the entire range of available LPI in a halftone system, an image selected for printing generally must have 1.5 to 2 times as many samples per inch (SPI). For instance, if the target output device is capable of printing at 100 LPI, an optimal range for a source image would be 150 to 200 PI.
A continuous-tone image is one in which each color at any point in the image can transition smoothly between shades, rather than being represented by discrete elements such as halftones or pixels. [1] Many printing methods use discrete halftone dots of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black .
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Screenless lithography is a reprographic technique for halftoning dating to 1855, when the French chemist and civil engineer Alphonse Poitevin discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes.