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  2. Occupation of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Ruhr

    The occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany. The occupation of the heavily industrialized Ruhr district came in response to Germany's repeated defaults on the reparations payments required under the ...

  3. Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr

    The 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica has only one definition of "Ruhr": "a river of Germany, an important right-bank tributary of the lower Rhine". The use of the term "Ruhr" for the industrial region started in Britain only after World War I, when French and Belgian troops had occupied the Ruhr district and seized its prime industrial assets in lieu of unpaid reparations in 1923.

  4. History of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ruhr

    Sigillara specimen (bark removed), found in the Nordstern mine, Flöz Zollverein 2/3 at a depth of 1000m.. During the Carboniferous Period, in the Paleozoic era, which began 360 million years ago and ended 300 million years ago, layers of slate, coal and sandstone were formed. 400 to 300 million years ago, new mountains were uplifted during the Variscan mountain-building period.

  5. Ruhr Red Army - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Red_Army

    Memorial to the Ruhr uprising in Hagen. On 5 April a large part of the Red Ruhr Army fled to the French occupied zone of the Rhineland. [10] The skirmish that took place in Gelsenkirchen the next day marked the final end of the uprising and of the Red Ruhr Army. [11] The number of insurgents killed has never been accurately determined.

  6. Ruhr uprising - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_uprising

    The Ruhr uprising (German: Ruhraufstand), or March uprising (Märzaufstand), was a left-wing workers' revolt in the Ruhr region of Germany in March and April 1920. It was triggered by the call for a general strike in response to the right-wing Kapp Putsch of 13 March 1920 and became an armed rebellion when radical left workers used the strike as an opportunity to attempt the establishment of a ...

  7. Ruhr Question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Question

    The Ruhr Question was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each respective war, concerning how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the area where the Rhine and Ruhr intersect.

  8. Ruhr pocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_pocket

    The Ruhr pocket was a battle of encirclement that took place in April 1945, on the Western Front near the end of World War II in Europe, in the Ruhr Area of Germany. Some 317,000 German troops were taken prisoner along with 24 generals. The Americans suffered 10,000 casualties including 2,000 killed or missing.

  9. Battle of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ruhr

    The Battle of the Ruhr (5 March – 31 July 1943) was a strategic bombing campaign against the Ruhr Area in Nazi Germany carried out by RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War. The Ruhr was the main centre of German heavy industry with coke plants, steelworks , armaments factories and ten synthetic oil plants .