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[1] [4] Soy isoflavones can act as substrates for thyroid peroxidase, thereby competitively inhibiting thyroid hormone production. [14] Despite the frequent use of isoflavone supplements, there are insufficient data on safety and adverse effects. [1] Isoflavones have GRAS status in the United States. [15]
Daidzein can be found in food such as soybeans and soy products like tofu and textured vegetable protein. Soy isoflavones are a group of compounds found in and isolated from the soybean. Of note, total isoflavones in soybeans are—in general—37 percent daidzein, 57 percent genistein and 6 percent glycitein, according to USDA data. [5]
Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiol [1] estrogen metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone found in soybeans and other plant sources, by bacterial flora in the intestines. [2] [3] While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids, equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen. Only about 30–50% of people have intestinal ...
The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (Glycine max) [3] is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattÅ, and tempeh.
Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are found in a number of plants including lupin, fava beans, soybeans, kudzu, and psoralea being the primary food source, [4] [5] also in the medicinal plants, Flemingia vestita [6] and F. macrophylla, [7] [8] and coffee. [9] It can also be found in Maackia amurensis cell cultures. [10]
Glycitin (glycitein 7-O-glucoside) is an isoflavone found in soy, and remains to various degrees in soy products like tofu, soymilk [1] and soy sauce. [2] Although glycitin has its own health associated properties (below), it can be transformed to glycitein by human intestinal flora by the action of beta-glucosidases.
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