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Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. [1] Each layer can be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. [ 1 ] The word comes from the Latin folium , meaning "leaf", and refers to the sheet-like planar structure. [ 1 ]
A fold axis "is the closest approximation to a straight line that when moved parallel to itself, generates the form of the fold". [2] (Ramsay 1967). A fold that can be generated by a fold axis is called a cylindrical fold. This term has been broadened to include near-cylindrical folds. Often, the fold axis is the same as the hinge line. [3] [4]
In geology, 3D fold evolution is the study of the full three dimensional structure of a fold as it changes in time. A fold is a common three-dimensional geological structure that is associated with strain deformation under stress. Fold evolution in three dimensions can be broadly
If the heat is too intense, foliation will be weakened due to the nucleation and growth of new randomly oriented crystals and the rock will become a hornfels. [1] If minimal heat is applied to a rock with a preexisting foliation and without a change in mineral assemblage, the cleavage will be strengthened by growth of micas parallel to foliation.
2-dimensional section of Reeb foliation 3-dimensional model of Reeb foliation. In mathematics (differential geometry), a foliation is an equivalence relation on an n-manifold, the equivalence classes being connected, injectively immersed submanifolds, all of the same dimension p, modeled on the decomposition of the real coordinate space R n into the cosets x + R p of the standardly embedded ...
In more advanced states, the later foliation will tend to form distinct foliation planes cross-cutting the earlier foliation, resulting in breaking, warping, and micro-scale folding of the earlier foliation into the new foliation. When the crenulation foliation begins to dominate it may totally or almost completely wipe out the original foliation.
The type of foliation that develops depends on the metamorphic grade. [20] For instance, starting with a mudstone, the following sequence develops with increasing temperature: The mudstone is first converted to slate, which is a very fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock, characteristic of very low grade metamorphism.
Intersection lineations are measured in relation to the two structures which intersect to form them. For instance, according to the measurement conventions of structural geology, original bedding, S 0 intersected by a fold's axial plane foliation, forms an intersection lineation L 0-1, with an azimuth and