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The type of PFAS remediation technology selected is often a reflection of the PFAS contamination levels and the PFAS signature (i.e. the combination of short- and long-chain PFAS substances present) in conjunction with the site-specific water chemistry and cross contaminants present in the liquid stream.
Some, but not all, studies in humans with PFAS exposure have shown that certain PFAS may affect growth, learning, and behavior of infants and older children, lower a woman's chance of getting pregnant, interfere with the body's natural hormones, increase cholesterol levels, affect the immune system, and increase the risk of cancer." [82]
The risks of PFAS, sometimes known as "forever chemicals," have long been known. But it's more complicated than it sounds.
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a PFAS chemical compound having a four-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. It is stable and unreactive because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds. It can occur in the form of a colorless liquid or a corrosive solid. [1]
The EPA says there is enough evidence to limit PFOA and PFOS at the lowest level they can be reliably detected. For some other types, the limit is 10 parts per trillion, and there are also limits ...
What is PFAS? The formerly unregulated chemicals were first invented in the 1940s and became nearly ubiquitous compounds used in consumer and industrial products for decades.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). It is an anthropogenic (man-made) fluorosurfactant, now regarded as a global pollutant.
In short, the rule sets limits on several common types of PFAS. The EPA says there is enough evidence to limit PFOA and PFOS at the lowest level they can be reliably detected. For some other types, the limit is 10 parts per trillion, and there are also limits on certain PFAS combinations. Water providers will have three years to test for PFAS.