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Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP 3 or Ins3P or IP 3 is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane , by phospholipase C (PLC).
Phosphatidylinositol or inositol phospholipid is a biomolecule. It was initially called "inosite" when it was discovered by Léon Maquenne and Johann Joseph von Scherer in the late 19th century. It was discovered in bacteria but later also found in eukaryotes , and was found to be a signaling molecule .
In 1988, Lewis C. Cantley published a paper describing the discovery of a novel type of phosphoinositide kinase with the unprecedented ability to phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). [1]
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is the most abundant inositol phosphate isomer found. IP6 is solely involved in various biological activities such as neurotransmission, immune response, regulation of kinase and phosphatase proteins as well as activation of calcium channels.
Inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is a membrane glycoprotein complex acting as a Ca 2+ channel activated by inositol trisphosphate (InsP3). InsP3R is very diverse among organisms, and is necessary for the control of cellular and physiological processes including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, fertilization, development, behavior, learning and memory. [2]
Examples include phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP 2), that can be split by the enzyme phospholipase C into inositol triphosphate (IP 3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which both carry out the functions of the G q type of G protein in response to various stimuli and intervene in various processes from long term depression in neurons [18 ...
The activated α subunit activates phospholipase C, which hydrolyzes membrane bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2), resulting in the formation of secondary messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3). [10] IP 3 binds to calcium pumps on ER, transporting Ca 2+, another second messenger, into the cytoplasm.
Inositol triphosphate is also a second messenger which activates receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ion stores into the cytoplasm, [3] [10] [11] creating a complex signaling system that can be involved in modulating fertilization, proliferation, contraction, cell metabolism, vesicle and fluid secretion, and information ...