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Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. [4] The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan" (meaning 'land') in both respective native languages and most other languages.
A 2022 study confirmed the genetic continuity between modern Indo-Iranian-speaking Central Asians and Iron Age populations in southern Central Asia. Iron Age Central Asians were descended from historical Indo-Iranians, who settled in the region at the end of the Bronze Age.
One of the first geographers to mention Central Asia as a distinct region of the world was Alexander von Humboldt. The borders of Central Asia are subject to multiple definitions.
Homo sapiens reached Central Asia by 50,000 to 40,000 years ago. The Tibetan Plateau is thought to have been reached by 38,000 years ago. [7] [8] [9] The currently oldest modern human sample found in northern Central Asia, is a 45,000-year-old remain, which was genetically closest to ancient and modern East Asians, but his lineage died out quite early.
Uzbekistan, [a] officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, [b] is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.It is surrounded by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Tajikistan to the southeast, Afghanistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, making it one of only two doubly landlocked countries on Earth, the other being Liechtenstein.
Turkestan, [a] also spelled Turkistan, [b] is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its borders, and extends directly to the east of the Caspian Sea .
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