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Since orthophosphoric acid has three −OH groups, it can esterify with one, two, or three alcohol molecules to form a mono-, di-, or triester. See the general structure image of an ortho- (or mono-) phosphate ester below on the left, where any of the R groups can be a hydrogen or an organic radical .
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution , which is a colourless, odourless, and non- volatile syrupy liquid.
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Trimetaphosphoric acid (or cyclotriphosphoric acid), H 3 P 3 O 9 (or (HPO 3) 3, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) 3), a cyclic molecule with three acidic hydrogens. Forms the trimetaphosphate salts and esters. Metaphosphoric acid is a general term for phosphoric acids with a single cycle, (–P(O)(OH)–O–) n, whose elemental formula is HPO 3.
For example, dehydration of orthoperiodic acid gives metaperiodic acid. Such naming conventions are now obsolete; however, various traditional names containing these prefixes have been retained in IUPAC nomenclature, namely: orthosilicic acid, Si(OH) 4; orthotelluric acid, Te(OH) 6; orthophosphoric acid, PO(OH) 3; orthoboric acid, B(OH) 3
A major appeal of this route is the low cost of phosphoric acid compared to phosphorus oxychloride. OP(OH) 3 + ROH → OP(OH) 2 (OR) + H 2 O. P 2 O 5 is the anhydride of phosphoric acid and acts similarly. The reaction yields equimolar amounts of di- and monoesters with no phosphoric acid.
Phosphorous acid slowly oxidizes in air to phosphoric acid. [5] Both phosphorous acid and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react. They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts. It reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.
Phosphate esters have the general structure P(=O)(OR) 3 feature P(V). Such species are of technological importance as flame retardant agents, and plasticizers.Lacking a P−C bond, these compounds are in the technical sense not organophosphorus compounds but esters of phosphoric acid.