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In economics, induced demand – related to latent demand and generated demand [1] – is the phenomenon whereby an increase in supply results in a decline in price and an increase in consumption. In other words, as a good or service becomes more readily available and mass produced, its price goes down and consumers are more likely to buy it ...
Psychophysiological economics differs from behavioral economics by focusing on direct measures of physiological change and observational data, in addition to attitudinal measurement. Psychophysiological economics also differs from functional magnetic resonance imaging , which is typically applied exclusively to the study of brain activity.
Behavioral economics is the study of the psychological (e.g. cognitive, behavioral, affective, social) factors involved in the decisions of individuals or institutions, and how these decisions deviate from those implied by traditional economic theory. [1] [2] Behavioral economics is primarily concerned with the bounds of rationality of economic ...
Induced innovation is a microeconomic hypothesis first proposed in 1932 by John Hicks in his work The Theory of Wages. He proposed that "a change in the relative prices of the factors of production is itself a spur to invention , and to invention of a particular kind—directed to economizing the use of a factor which has become relatively ...
Investment is often modeled as a function of interest rates, given by the relation I = I (r), with the interest rate negatively affecting investment because it is the cost of acquiring funds with which to purchase investment goods, and with income positively affecting investment because higher income signals greater opportunities to sell the ...
Scarcity plays a key role in economic theory, and it is essential for a "proper definition of economics itself". [3] "The best example is perhaps Walras' definition of social wealth, i.e., economic goods. [3] 'By social wealth', says Walras, 'I mean all things, material or immaterial (it does not matter which in this context), that are scarce ...
From a broader viewpoint, an investment can be defined as "to tailor the pattern of expenditure and receipt of resources to optimise the desirable patterns of these flows". When expenditures and receipts are defined in terms of money, then the net monetary receipt in a time period is termed cash flow , while money received in a series of ...
In psychology and behavioral economics, the endowment effect, also known as divestiture aversion, is the finding that people are more likely to retain an object they own than acquire that same object when they do not own it.