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The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression [1] proposes that major depressive disorder (MDD) is caused, at least partly, by impaired neurotrophic support.Neurotrophic factors (also known as neurotrophins) are a family of closely related proteins which regulate the survival, development, and function of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.
Atrophy of the hippocampus has been observed during depression, consistent with animal models of stress and neurogenesis. [122] [123] Stress can cause depression and depression-like symptoms through monoaminergic changes in several key brain regions as well as suppression in hippocampal neurogenesis. [124]
10 Ways That Chronic Stress Affects Your Brain. Cortisol is the stress hormone that does all the damage to our brain and body. Physical health problems that are a result of chronic stress include ...
Depression after a traumatic brain injury, such as a concussion, may be a distinct condition, different from other types of depression. That could change treatment. Depression after a brain injury ...
These brain chemicals can lead to feelings of happiness and relaxation. Certain scents may even help reduce anxiety and depression. These include lavender, chamomile, rosemary, and citrus.
Frontal lobe disorders may be recognized through a sudden and dramatic change in a person's personality, for example with loss of social awareness, disinhibition, emotional instability, irritability or impulsiveness. Alternatively, the disorder may become apparent because of mood changes such as depression, anxiety or apathy. [1] Examination
Age-related decrease in gray matter volume was the largest contribution to changes in brain volume. Moreover, neuronal density appears to decrease, white matter microstructure gets altered and energy metabolism in the cerebellum gets altered. [16] General cortical atrophy occurs in aging and e.g. the caudate nucleus volume appears to decrease.