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A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat.
The world's first membrane roof and lattice steel shell in the Shukhov Rotunda, Nizhny Novgorod, All-Russia exhibition, 1895 Geodesic shell of Nagoya Dome by Takenaka Corporation, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Shell of Kresge Auditorium by Eero Saarinen, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1953.
A concrete shell, also commonly called thin shell concrete structure, is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses. The shells are most commonly monolithic domes, but may also take the form of hyperbolic paraboloids, ellipsoids, cylindrical sections, or some combination ...
The steel gridshell by Vladimir Shukhov (during construction), Vyksa near Nizhny Novgorod, 1897 Multihalle in Mannheim, a wooden gridshell structure designed by Frei Otto Interior of the gridshell Savill Building Solidays Forum: a 350 m 2 glassfibre composite material elastic gridshell, Paris, France, 2011 Ephemeral Cathedral: a 400 m 2 glassfibre composite material elastic gridshell, Créteil ...
An external view of the main entrance to the Binishell complex of the Killarney Heights Public School. The Binishell at the Monash University Gippsland Campus.. Binishells are reinforced concrete thin-shell structures that are lifted and shaped by air pressure.
A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The rigid triangular elements of the dome distribute stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size.
The building envelope or enclosure is all of the elements of the outer shell that maintain a dry, heated, or cooled indoor environment and facilitate its climate control. Building envelope design is a specialized area of architectural and engineering practice that draws from all areas of building science and indoor climate control. [2]
A monolithic dome (from Greek mono- and -lithic, meaning "one stone") is a thin-shell structure cast in a one-piece form. The form may be permanent or temporary and may or may not remain part of the finished structure. Monolithic domes are a form of monolithic architecture.