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Plaque commemorating J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron outside the old Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge Autochrome portrait by Georges Chevalier, 1923 Thomson c. 1920–1925 Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) [ 24 ] [ 49 ] and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics at the Cavendish ...
By 1890, J.J. Thomson had his own version called the "nebular atom" hypothesis, in which atoms were composed of immaterial vortices and suggested similarities between the arrangement of vortices and periodic regularity found among the chemical elements. [6] Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897 changed his views.
The Thomson problem is a natural consequence of J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model in the absence of its uniform positive background charge. [ 12 ] "No fact discovered about the atom can be trivial, nor fail to accelerate the progress of physical science, for the greater part of natural philosophy is the outcome of the structure and mechanism ...
According to Thomson's model, all of the alpha particles should have passed through with negligible deflection. Rutherford deduced that the positive charge of the atom is not distributed throughout the atom's volume as Thomson believed, but is concentrated in a tiny nucleus at the center. This nucleus also carries most of the atom's mass.
The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.
[3] [4] In it, Thomson developed a mathematical treatment of the motions of William Thomson and Peter Tait's atoms. [5] When Thomson later discovered the electron (for which he received a Nobel Prize), he abandoned his "nebular atom" hypothesis based on the vortex atomic theory, in favour of his plum pudding model.
In 1910, Arthur Erich Haas further developed J. J. Thomson's atomic model in a paper [8] that outlined a treatment of the hydrogen atom involving quantization of electronic orbitals, thus anticipating the Bohr model (1913) by three years.
Several important early physics discoveries were made here, including the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson (1897) the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend, and the development of the cloud chamber by C.T.R. Wilson. Ernest Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory in 1919.