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Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck ...
A dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched protoplasmic extension of a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.
Many species of cactus have long, sharp spines, like this Opuntia. A cactus (pl.: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) [3] is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (/ kækˈteɪsi.iː, - ˌaɪ /), [a] a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. [4] The word cactus derives, through Latin ...
Fish anatomy. Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [1] In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or ...
Glochids or glochidia (sg.: "glochidium") are hair-like spines or short prickles, generally barbed, found on the areoles of cacti in the sub-family Opuntioideae. Cactus glochids easily detach from the plant and lodge in the skin, causing irritation upon contact. The tufts of glochids in the areoles nearly cover the stem surfaces of some cactus ...
Sea urchin anatomy based on Arbacia sp. Urchins typically range in size from 3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in), but the largest species can reach up to 36 cm (14 in). [ 4 ] They have a rigid, usually spherical body bearing moveable spines, which give the class the name Echinoidea (from the Greek ἐχῖνος ekhinos 'spine'). [ 5 ]
Prickles, thorns and spines are all modified plant tissues that have evolved to prevent or limit herbivory, these structures have evolved independently a number of times. [213] Stimulant toxins: Plants which are only distantly related to each other, such as coffee and tea, produce caffeine to deter predators. [214]