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  2. List of countries by external debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...

  3. Structural adjustment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_adjustment

    The IMF and World Bank (two Bretton Woods institutions) require borrowing countries to implement certain policies in order to obtain new loans (or to lower interest rates on existing ones). These policies are typically centered around increased privatization , liberalizing trade and foreign investment, and balancing government deficit. [ 2 ]

  4. World Bank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

    The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. [ 5 ] The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association ...

  5. World Bank Group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank_Group

    The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World Bank, providing learning and other capacity-building programs to member countries. The IBRD has 189 member governments, and the other institutions have between 153 and 184. [2] The institutions of the World Bank Group are all run by a board of governors meeting once a year ...

  6. Government debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_debt

    [9] [19] A World Bank Group report that analyzed debt levels of 100 developed and developing countries from 1980 to 2008 found that debt-to-GDP ratios above 77% for developed countries (64% for developing countries) reduced future annual economic growth by 0.017 (0.02 for developing countries) percentage points for each percentage point of debt ...

  7. List of countries by government debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    This is a list of countries by government debt. Gross government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments. [ 1 ] : 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future.

  8. International Development Association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Development...

    The International Development Association (IDA) (French: Association internationale de développement) is a development finance institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States.

  9. Debt of developing countries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_of_developing_countries

    The debt of developing countries usually refers to the external debt incurred by governments of developing countries. There have been several historical episodes of governments of developing countries borrowing in quantities beyond their ability to repay. "Unpayable debt" is external debt with interest that exceeds what the country's ...