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  2. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors

    The eigenvalue and eigenvector problem can also be defined for row vectors that left multiply matrix . In this formulation, the defining equation is. where is a scalar and is a matrix. Any row vector satisfying this equation is called a left eigenvector of and is its associated eigenvalue.

  3. Quantum state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_state

    v. t. e. In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that embodies the knowledge of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. The result is a prediction for the system represented by the state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's ...

  4. Degenerate energy levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_energy_levels

    An eigenvalue is said to be non-degenerate if its eigenspace is one-dimensional. The eigenvalues of the matrices representing physical observables in quantum mechanics give the measurable values of these observables while the eigenstates corresponding to these eigenvalues give the possible states in which the system may be found, upon ...

  5. Eigendecomposition of a matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigendecomposition_of_a_matrix

    hide. In linear algebra, eigendecomposition is the factorization of a matrix into a canonical form, whereby the matrix is represented in terms of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Only diagonalizable matrices can be factorized in this way. When the matrix being factorized is a normal or real symmetric matrix, the decomposition is called ...

  6. Operator (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_(physics)

    Operator (physics) An operator is a function over a space of physical states onto another space of states. The simplest example of the utility of operators is the study of symmetry (which makes the concept of a group useful in this context). Because of this, they are useful tools in classical mechanics.

  7. Stationary state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_state

    A stationary state is a quantum state with all observables independent of time. It is an eigenvector of the energy operator (instead of a quantum superposition of different energies). It is also called energy eigenvector, energy eigenstate, energy eigenfunction, or energy eigenket. It is very similar to the concept of atomic orbital and ...

  8. Position operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_operator

    Position operator. In quantum mechanics, the position operator is the operator that corresponds to the position observable of a particle. When the position operator is considered with a wide enough domain (e.g. the space of tempered distributions), its eigenvalues are the possible position vectors of the particle. [1]

  9. Measurement in quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_in_quantum...

    Scientists. v. t. e. In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quantum ...