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Nautical charting may take the form of charts printed on paper (raster navigational charts) or computerized electronic navigational charts. Recent technologies have made available paper charts which are printed "on demand" with cartographic data that has been downloaded to the commercial printing company as recently as the night before printing.
Nautical charts and textual descriptions known as sailing directions have been in use in one form or another since the sixth century BC. [14] Nautical charts using stereographic and orthographic projections date back to the second century BC. [14] In 1900, the Antikythera mechanism was recovered from Antikythera wreck. This mechanism was built ...
A portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea, second quarter of the 14th century. Kept in the Library of Congress, where it is the oldest original cartographic artifact. Portolan charts are nautical charts, first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include
The first half of the volume contains a large collection of nautical charts, faithful copies of portolan charts composed earlier in the 15th century. The second half of the volume is dedicated to a myriad of written tracts on matters of nautical interest (e.g. astronomy, sailing directions, tariffs, etc.)
Before the advent of nautical charts in the 14th century, navigation at sea relied on the accumulated knowledge of navigators and pilots.Plotting a course at sea required knowing the direction and distance between point A and point B. Knowledge of where places lay relative to each other was acquired by mariners during their long experience at sea.
An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a digital representation of a real-world geographical area for the purpose of Marine navigation.Real-world objects and areas of navigational significance, or to a lesser degree - informational significance, are portrayed through Raster facsimiles of traditional paper charts; or more commonly through vector images, which are able to scale their relative ...
Maritime history is the study of human interaction ... Nautical history records and interprets past ... His chart included the North American coast and seas ...
This atlas was the first attempt to systematically codify nautical maps. This chart-book combined an atlas of nautical charts and sailing directions with instructions for navigation on the western and north-western coastal waters of Europe. It was the first of its kind in the history of maritime cartography. [113] [114] [115] [116]