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The electric field strength at a specific point can be determined from the power delivered to the transmitting antenna, its geometry and radiation resistance. Consider the case of a center-fed half-wave dipole antenna in free space, where the total length L is equal to one half wavelength (λ/2). If constructed from thin conductors, the current ...
The G5RV antenna is a dipole antenna fed indirectly, through a carefully chosen length of 300 Ω or 450 Ω twin lead, which acts as an impedance matching network to connect (through a balun) to a standard 50 Ω coaxial transmission line. The sloper antenna is a slanted vertical dipole antenna attached to the top of a single tower. The element ...
Dipole field strength in free space, in telecommunications, is the electric field strength caused by a half wave dipole under ideal conditions. The actual field strength in terrestrial environments is calculated by empirical formulas based on this field strength.
An antenna designer must take into account the application for the antenna when determining the gain. High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully in a particular direction. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is inconsequential.
Dipole gain is the ratio of the power density received from the antenna in the direction of its maximum radiation to the power density , received from a lossless half-wave dipole antenna in the direction of its maximum radiation = , The decibel gain relative to a dipole (dB d) is given by = ( , )
Inverted-'V' antenna When the two arms of a dipole are individually straight, but bent towards each other in a 'V' shape, at an angle noticeably less than 180°, the dipole is called a 'V' antenna, and when the dipole arms' end closer to the ground than their center branch-point, the antenna is called an inverted-'V' . The inverted-'V' is ...
To calculate the net result, NEC breaks the antenna's elements into a number of sampled points, called segments. It uses simple calculations based on the diameter of the conductor and the wavelength of the signal to determine the induced voltage and currents at each of these segments.
Since the directive antenna radiates the same total power within a small angle along the z axis, it can have a higher signal strength in that direction than the isotropic antenna, and so a gain greater than one. In electromagnetics, an antenna's gain is a key performance parameter which combines the antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency.