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A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-shaped conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface, called a ground plane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The driving signal from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the lower end ...
A whip antenna is an antenna consisting of a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the whip is connected to the radio receiver or transmitter. A whip antenna is a form of monopole antenna. The antenna is designed to be flexible so that it does not break easily, and the name is derived from the whip-like motion that it exhibits when ...
A discone is exceptionally wideband, offering a frequency range ratio of up to approximately 10:1 , over three octaves above the antenna's lowest frequency, but otherwise only functions just as well as other quarter-wave monopoles: It is omnidirectional, vertically polarized, equally efficient as a monopole, and has gain similar to a ground ...
A high-gain antenna will radiate most of its power in a particular direction, while a low-gain antenna will radiate over a wide angle. The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance ...
Here, the gain and effective area of antenna 2 are fixed, because the orientation of this antenna is fixed with respect to the first. Now for a given disposition of the antennas, the reciprocity theorem requires that the power transfer is equally effective in each direction, i.e.
When considering an antenna's directional pattern, gain with respect to a dipole does not imply a comparison of that antenna's gain in each direction to a dipole's gain in that direction. Rather, it is a comparison between the antenna's gain in each direction to the peak gain of the dipole (1.64). In any direction, therefore, such numbers are 2 ...
By this line of conceptual thinking, one can easily conclude that the radiation emanating from a monopole antenna exists in half the space of a similar dipole antenna. Therefore, the maximum gain is twice that of a typical dipole, or an additional 3 dB. Hence, the nominal value of maximum gain for a monopole antenna is about 5.15dBi. Stutzman ...
The rubber ducky antenna (or rubber duck aerial) is an electrically short monopole antenna, invented by Richard B. Johnson, that functions somewhat like a base-loaded whip antenna. It consists of a springy wire in the shape of a narrow helix , sealed in a rubber or plastic jacket to protect the antenna. [ 1 ]