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The USB OTG and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB 2.0 specification introduced three new communication protocols: . Attach Detection Protocol (ADP): Allows an OTG device, embedded host or USB device to determine attachment status in the absence of power on the USB bus, enabling both insertion-based behavior and the capability to display attachment status.
USB has a strict tree network topology and master/slave protocol for addressing peripheral devices; slave devices cannot interact with one another except via the host, and two hosts cannot communicate over their USB ports directly.
Computer bus protocols often use a master-slave relationship. For instance, a USB host manages access to the USB bus shared by any number of USB devices. A serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus typically has a single master controlling multiple slaves.
USB 2.0 provides for a maximum cable length of 5 metres (16 ft 5 in) for devices running at high speed (480 Mbit/s). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1.5 μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the allowed time, the host considers the command lost.
The first-generation IOIO boards (known as IOIO V1) contain the following on-board features: [34] [35] This generation only supports USB slave mode, and requires a USB master as the host (PC or newer Android phones). [2] [7] The IOIO V1 is a 3.3 V logic level device, and features a 5 V DC/DC switching regulator and a 3.3V linear regulator. [36]
The eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) is a technical specification that provides a detailed framework for the functioning of a computer's host controller for Universal Serial Bus (USB). Known alternately as the USB 3.0 host controller specification, xHCI is designed to be backward compatible, supporting a wide range of USB devices ...
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The written USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008. The first USB 3.0 controller chips were sampled by NEC in May 2009, [4] and the first products using the USB 3.0 specification arrived in January 2010. [5] USB 3.0 connectors are generally backward compatible, but include new wiring and full-duplex operation.