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Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Intermittent hydrarthrosis (IH), also known as periodic synoviosis, periodic benign synovitis, or periodic hydrarthritis, is a chronic condition of unknown cause characterized by recurring, temporary episodes of fluid accumulation in the knee.
The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection. Watercolour drawing of acute synovitis of the knee joint, showing the beginnings of the disintegration of the cartilage of the internal condyle. Painted by Thomas Godart. Medical Photographic Library. Synovitis may occur in association with arthritis as well as lupus, gout, and other ...
Analysis of a sample of synovial fluid to look for signs of an infection (infectious arthritis) or uric acid crystals (gout) ... Total joint replacement, such as a knee replacement or a hip ...
Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent [5] [6] with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation. [7] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. It can lead to irreversible joint damage in the event of delayed diagnosis or mismanagement. It is basically a disease of children and adolescence. [6]
The volume of synovial fluid within the joint is insufficient to fill the expanding volume of the joint and gases dissolved in the synovial fluid (mostly carbon dioxide) are liberated and quickly fill the empty space, leading to the rapid formation of a bubble. [22] This process is known as cavitation. Cavitation in synovial joints results in a ...
Risk factors include other knee problems such as osteoarthritis, meniscal tears, or rheumatoid arthritis. [1] [3] [4] The underlying mechanism involves the flow of synovial fluid from the knee joint to the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa, resulting in its expansion. [1] The diagnosis may be confirmed with ultrasound or magnetic resonance ...
Clutton's joints is a term describing the finding of symmetrical joint swelling seen in congenital syphilis. It most commonly affects the knees, presenting with synovitis and joint effusions (collections of fluid within the joint capsules) lasting up to a year. It has also been reported affecting the ankles, elbows, wrists and fingers.