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  2. Alternating series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_series

    t. e. In mathematics, an alternating series is an infinite series of the form or with an > 0 for all n. The signs of the general terms alternate between positive and negative. Like any series, an alternating series converges if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums converges.

  3. Harmonic series (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(mathematics)

    Calculus. In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series formed by summing all positive unit fractions: The first terms of the series sum to approximately , where is the natural logarithm and is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Because the logarithm has arbitrarily large values, the harmonic series does not have a finite limit: it ...

  4. Absolutely and completely monotonic functions and sequences

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_and_completely...

    The notions of completely and absolutely monotone function/sequence play an important role in several areas of mathematics. For example, in classical analysis they occur in the proof of the positivity of integrals involving Bessel functions or the positivity of Cesàro means of certain Jacobi series. [6] Such functions occur in other areas of ...

  5. Cumulative distribution function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution...

    The cumulative distribution function of a real-valued random variable is the function given by [2]: p. 77. (Eq.1) where the right-hand side represents the probability that the random variable takes on a value less than or equal to . The probability that lies in the semi-closed interval , where , is therefore [2]: p. 84.

  6. Non-standard model of arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_model_of...

    In mathematical logic, a non-standard model of arithmetic is a model of first-order Peano arithmetic that contains non-standard numbers. The term standard model of arithmetic refers to the standard natural numbers 0, 1, 2, …. The elements of any model of Peano arithmetic are linearly ordered and possess an initial segment isomorphic to the ...

  7. Convergent series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_series

    The n th partial sum Sn is the sum of the first n terms of the sequence; that is, A series is convergent (or converges) if and only if the sequence of its partial sums tends to a limit; that means that, when adding one after the other in the order given by the indices, one gets partial sums that become closer and closer to a given number.

  8. Composition (combinatorics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(combinatorics)

    Composition (combinatorics) In mathematics, a composition of an integer n is a way of writing n as the sum of a sequence of (strictly) positive integers. Two sequences that differ in the order of their terms define different compositions of their sum, while they are considered to define the same integer partition of that number.

  9. Lebesgue integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue_integral

    Again, the value of any of the integrals may be infinite. Dominated convergence theorem: Suppose {f k} k ∈ N is a sequence of complex measurable functions with pointwise limit f, and there is a Lebesgue integrable function g (i.e., g belongs to the space L 1) such that | f k | ≤ g for all k.