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2. Parity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer of whether it is even or odd. An integer is even if it is divisible by 2, and odd if it is not. [1] For example, −4, 0, and 82 are even numbers, while −3, 5, 7, and 21 are odd numbers. The above definition of parity applies only to integer numbers, hence it cannot be applied to numbers ...

3. Divisibility rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility_rule

   If the number of digits is even, add the first and subtract the last digit from the rest. The result must be divisible by 11. 918,082: the number of digits is even (6) → 1808 + 9 − 2 = 1815: 81 + 1 − 5 = 77 = 7 × 11 If the number of digits is odd, subtract the first and last digit from the rest. The result must be divisible by 11.

4. Even–odd rule - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even–odd_rule

   The even–odd rule is an algorithm implemented in vector-based graphic software, [1] like the PostScript language and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), which determines how a graphical shape with more than one closed outline will be filled. Unlike the nonzero-rule algorithm, this algorithm will alternatively color and leave uncolored shapes ...

5. Odd–even rationing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd–even_rationing

   Mathematically, zero is an even number; half of the numbers in a given range end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and the other half in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, so it makes sense to include 0 with the other even digits for rationing. However, the general public is not always aware of the mathematical principle and think that zero is odd, or both even and odd, or neither.

6. Collatz conjecture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture

   The number is taken to be 'odd' or 'even' according to whether its numerator is odd or even. Then the formula for the map is exactly the same as when the domain is the integers: an 'even' such rational is divided by 2; an 'odd' such rational is multiplied by 3 and then 1 is added.

7. 100 prisoners problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_prisoners_problem

   100 prisoners problem. Each prisoner has to find their own number in one of 100 drawers, but may open only 50 of the drawers. The 100 prisoners problem is a mathematical problem in probability theory and combinatorics. In this problem, 100 numbered prisoners must find their own numbers in one of 100 drawers in order to survive.