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Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906 for his discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be found.
The cathode ray tube by which J. J. Thomson demonstrated that cathode rays could be deflected by a magnetic field. The Thomson Medal and Prize is an award which has been made, originally only biennially in even-numbered years, since 2008 by the British Institute of Physics for "distinguished research in atomic (including quantum optics) or molecular physics".
Thomson's model marks the moment when the development of atomic theory passed from chemists to physicists. While atomic theory was widely accepted by chemists by the end of the 19th century, physicists remained skeptical because the atomic model lacked any properties which concerned their field, such as electric charge, magnetic moment, volume, or absolute mass.
Thomson's student Francis William Aston [6] continued the research at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, building the first full functional mass spectrometer that was reported in 1919. [7] He was able to identify isotopes of chlorine (35 and 37), bromine (79 and 81), and krypton (78, 80, 82, 83, 84 and 86), proving that these natural ...
John Edgar Thomson (February 10, 1808 – May 27, 1874) was an American civil engineer and industrialist. An entrepreneur best known for his leadership of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) from 1852 until his death in 1874, Thomson made it the largest business enterprise in the world and a world-class model for technological and managerial innovation.
The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.
These discoveries would have secured greatness indeed, as together with J. J. Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897, they finally replaced John Dalton's model of atoms as solid spherical particles. [citation needed] However, in 1933, Joliot-Curie and her husband were the first to calculate the accurate mass of the neutron. [11]
In 1891, he proposed the term "electron" to describe the fundamental unit of electrical charge, [7] and his contributions to research in this area laid the foundations for the eventual discovery of the particle by J. J. Thomson in 1897. His scientific work was carried out in his spare time. [8]