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Cellulose can also be dissolved in some organic solvents directly and processed to regenerate the cellulose fibres in different forms. The lyocell process uses an amine oxide to dissolve cellulose and Tencel is the only commercial example of this direct-dissolution process, which unlike the viscose process is pollution-free.
With NMMO, cellulose is not derivatized but dissolves to give a homogeneous polymer solution. The resulting fiber is similar to viscose; this was observed, for example, for Valonia cellulose microfibrils. Dilution with water causes the cellulose to reprecipitate, i.e. the solvation of cellulose with NMMO is a water sensitive process. [4]
N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide is a key solvent in the Lyocell process . At the Lyocell mill, rolls of pulp are broken into one-inch squares and dissolved in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO [2]), giving a solution called "dope". The filtered cellulose solution is then pumped through spinnerets, devices used with a variety of synthetic fibers. The ...
Lacquer thinner, also known as cellulose thinner, is usually a mixture of solvents able to dissolve a number of different resins or plastics used in modern lacquer. [ 1 ] Previously, lacquer thinners frequently contained alkyl esters like butyl or amyl acetate , ketones like acetone or methyl ethyl ketone , aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene ...
Dimethylacetamide is commonly used as a solvent for fibers (e.g., polyacrylonitrile, spandex) or in the adhesive industry. [5] It is also employed in the production of pharmaceuticals and plasticizers as a reaction medium. A solution of lithium chloride in DMAc (LiCl/DMAc) can dissolve cellulose. Unlike many other cellulose solvents, LiCl/DMAc ...
It dissolves cellulose nitrate, vinyl polymers and copolymers, and natural and synthetic resins. It is recommended as a solvent because it is photochemically inactive; [5] however it has a very low safe threshold limit value. 2-Hexanone is absorbed through the lungs, orally and dermally and its metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione, is neurotoxic. [6]
Tetramethylurea also dissolves cellulose ester and swells other polymers such as polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride or aliphatic polyamides, usually at elevated temperature. [ 1 ] Strong and hindered non-nucleophilic guanidine bases are accessible from tetramethylurea in a simple manner, [ 14 ] [ 15 ] which are in contrast to the fused amidine ...
The distinctive ability of aqueous solutions of ZnCl 2 to dissolve cellulose is attributed to the formation of zinc-cellulose complexes, illustrating the stability of its adducts. [32] Cellulose also dissolves in molten ZnCl 2 hydrate. [33] Overall, this behavior is consistent with Zn 2+ as a hard Lewis acid.