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Individuals with low self-esteem who made present tense (e.g. "I am") positive affirmations felt worse than individuals who made positive statements but were allowed to consider ways in which the statements were false. Individuals with low self-esteem who made future tense affirmations (e.g. "I will") saw positive effects. [7] Some studies have ...
Dr. Napolitano says depression and low self-esteem have a chicken-and-egg relationship—which one comes first will vary. "Low self-confidence can cause depression, and depression can influence ...
Sociotropy is a personality trait characterized by excessive investment in interpersonal relationships and usually studied in the field of social psychology. [1]People with sociotropy tend to have a strong need for social acceptance, which causes them to be overly nurturant towards people who they do not have close relationships with. [2]
Mark Leary of Duke University has suggested that the main purpose of self-esteem is to monitor social relations and detect social rejection. In this view, self-esteem is a sociometer which activates negative emotions when signs of exclusion appear. [9] Social psychological research confirms the motivational basis of the need for acceptance.
Abraham Maslow described an insecure person as a person who "perceives the world as a threatening jungle and most human beings as dangerous and selfish; feels like a rejected and isolated person, anxious and hostile; is generally pessimistic and unhappy; shows signs of tension and conflict, tends to turn inward; is troubled by guilt-feelings, has one or another disturbance of self-esteem ...
A person's "...sense of personal insignificance comes from two primary experiences: (a) the developmental experience with its increasing awareness of separation and loss, transience, and the sense of lost felt perfectibility; and (b) the increasing cognitive awareness of the immutable laws of biology and the limitations of the self and others in which idealization gives way to painful reality."
The Disowned Self explores, "...the problem of self-alienation - a condition in which the individual is out of contact with his own needs, feelings, emotions, frustrations and longings, so that he is largely oblivious to his actual self and his life is the reflection of an unreal self, of a role he has adopted. The problem of obliviousness to ...
Rosenberg (1965) defines self-esteem as an individual’s overall positive evaluation of self, which has the capacity to change depending on an individual’s outlook on life. [12] The change in individual self-esteem, particularly in collectivist societies, is related to relationships with significant others, and it has the capacity to improve ...