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In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen. [1] The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1 ...
Alcohol (chemistry) Ball-and-stick model of an alcohol molecule (R3COH). The red and white balls represent the hydroxyl group (−OH). The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [1] In chemistry, an alcohol (from the Arabic word al-kuḥl, الكحل) is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH ...
Alkane. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2.
Side chain. An oligomeric or polymeric offshoot from a macromolecular chain. An oligomeric branch may be termed a short-chain branch. A polymeric branch may be termed a long-chain branch. [1] In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called the "main chain" or backbone.
List of straight-chain alkanes. The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [1][2] Number of C atoms. Number of isomers [3][4] Number of isomers including stereoisomers [3][5] Molecular Formula. Name of straight chain.
Alkylation. Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). [1] Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.
A 3D model of ethyne (acetylene), the simplest alkyne. In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon —carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula CnH2n−2.
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.