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5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) is a thymidine analogue which is incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells. EdU is used to assay DNA synthesis in cell culture and detect cells in embryonic, neonatal and adult animals which have undergone DNA synthesis. [1] Whilst at high doses it can be cytotoxic, this molecule is now widely used to track ...
DNA ligase is able to form a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides on each side of the gap. [2] Phosphodiesters are negatively charged at pH 7. [5] The negative charge attracts histones, metal cations such as magnesium, and polyamines [needs citation]. Repulsion between these negative charges influences the conformation of the polynucleic ...
The fluorochrome-based TUNEL assay applicable for flow cytometry, combining the detection of DNA strand breaks with respect to the cell cycle-phase position, was originally developed by Gorczyca et al. [4] Concurrently, the avidin-peroxidase labeling assay applicable for light absorption microscope was described by Gavrieli et al. [5] Since 1992 the TUNEL has become one of the main methods for ...
Due to the overall positive charge of cationic liposomes, they interact with negatively charged cell membranes more readily than classic liposomes. [3] This positive charge can also create some issues in vivo , such as binding to plasma proteins in the bloodstream, which leads to opsonization. [ 5 ]
As seen in the information box above, reverse gyrase is designated under the EC number 5.6.2.2. The first number of this code (5) designates the enzymes identity as an isomerase. [13] While the enzyme itself does have both a topoisomerase and helicase-like domain, as a gyrase, it is primarily classified under the topoisomerase umbrella.
HDACs 1 and 2 can also bind directly to DNA binding proteins such as Yin and Yang 1 (YY1), Rb binding protein 1 and Sp1. [5] HDACs 1 and 2 have been found to express regulatory roles in key cell cycle genes including p21. [6] Activity of these HDACs can be affected by phosphorylation.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. PCNA is a homotrimer and achieves its processivity by encircling the DNA, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin ...
[4] [5] A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year. In 1998, cytosine was used in an early demonstration of quantum information processing when Oxford University researchers implemented the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a two qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer ...