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Wallerian degeneration is an active process of degeneration that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed and the part of the axon distal to the injury (which in most cases is farther from the neuron's cell body) degenerates. [1]
There is usually an element of retrograde proximal degeneration of the axon, and for regeneration to occur, this loss must first be overcome. [2] The regeneration fibers must cross the injury site and regeneration through the proximal or retrograde area of degeneration may require several weeks.
Transneuronal degeneration is the death of neurons resulting from the disruption of input from or output to other nearby neurons. [1] It is an active excitotoxic process when a neuron is overstimulated by a neurotransmitter (most commonly glutamate) [2] causing the dysfunction of that neuron (either damaging it or killing it) which drives neighboring neurons into metabolic deficit, resulting ...
When a nerve axon is severed, the end still attached to the cell body is labeled the proximal segment, while the other end is called the distal segment. After injury, the proximal end swells and experiences some retrograde degeneration, but once the debris is cleared, it begins to sprout axons and the presence of growth cones can be detected.
At the surface of a nerve fiber is a tissue layer called the epineurium or sometimes external epineurium. Within the epineurium there is a connective tissue matrix called the internal epineurium and fascicles. The internal epineurium acts as soft cushion for the fascicles. [5] A nerve fiber may have a variable number of fascicles, but there ...
When the nerve fibers degenerate, an interruption in the transmission of nerve signals occurs. In the medical field, neurolysis is commonly used to alleviate pain, such as in people with various forms of cancer, chronic osteoarthritis or spasticity. [1] [2] Different types of neurolysis include celiac plexus neurolysis, endoscopic ultrasound ...
The white space represents a disruption of the nerve fibers, resulting in a loss of nerve supply to the muscle fibers. Denervation is any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause. If the nerves lost to denervation are part of neural communication to an organ system or for a specific tissue function, alterations to or compromise of ...
The slower and less complete degeneration of inferior olive neurons is most probably a consequence of retrograde degeneration secondary to Purkinje cell loss. [10] and the degeneration of deep cerebellar nuclei a consequence of anterograde degeneration secondary to Purkinje cell loss. [11] [12]