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Coal played an important role in industry in the 19th and 20th century. The predecessor of the European Union, the European Coal and Steel Community, was based on the trading of this commodity. [73] Coal continues to arrive on beaches around the world from both natural erosion of exposed coal seams and windswept spills from cargo ships.
Burning coal, and to a lesser extent oil and its derivatives, contributes to atmospheric particulate matter, smog and acid rain. [39] [40] [41] Air pollution from fossil fuels in 2018 has been estimated to cost US$2.9 trillion, or 3.3% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). [9]
Extraction of petroleum. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal and petroleum (liquid petroleum or natural gas), formed from the fossilized remains of ancient plants and animals [10] by exposure to high heat and pressure in the absence of oxygen in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years. [11]
Petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems [1]) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane.
Class II – Supplies for which allowances are established by tables of organization and equipment, e.g., clothing, weapons, tools, spare parts, vehicles. Class III – Petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) for all purposes, except for operating aircraft or for use in weapons such as flamethrowers, e.g., gasoline, fuel oil, greases, coal, and coke.
A coal mine in Wyoming, United States. Coal, produced over millions of years, is a finite and non-renewable resource on a human time scale.. A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. [1]
The production stopped in 1963, but Wietze has hosted a Petroleum Museum since 1970. [28] Oil sands have been mined since the 18th century. [29] In Wietze in lower Saxony, natural asphalt/bitumen has been explored since the 18th century. [30] Both in Pechelbronn as in Wietze, the coal industry dominated the petroleum technologies. [31]
Coal gas is combustible and was used for heating and municipal lighting, before the advent of large-scale extraction of natural gas from oil wells. In current practice, large-scale coal gasification installations are primarily for electricity generation (both in conventional thermal power stations and molten carbonate fuel cell power stations ...