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For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
For example, to perform an element by element sum of two arrays, a and b to produce a third c, it is only necessary to write c = a + b In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine.
Visual Basic 5.0 and 6.0 has traditionally employed zero-based arrays (the default lower bound), unless "Option Base 1" is declared. This was the source of many out-by-one errors in Visual Basic programs, especially when dealing with interoperability across program library boundaries.
Like raw strings, there can be any number of equals signs between the square brackets, provided both the opening and closing tags have a matching number of equals signs; this allows nesting as long as nested block comments/raw strings use a different number of equals signs than their enclosing comment: --[[comment --[=[ nested comment ...
R (array, interpreted, impure, interactive mode, list-based, object-oriented prototype-based, scripting) Racket (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based) and can be extended by the user) Raku (concurrent, concatenative, functional, metaprogramming generic, imperative, reflection object-oriented, pipelines, reactive, and via ...
Multiple dispatch, meta, scalar and array-oriented, parallel, concurrent, distributed ("cloud") No K: Data processing, business No No No No No No Array-oriented, tacit Unknown Kotlin: Application, mobile development, server-side, client-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [31] De facto standard via Kotlin Language Specification Ksh: Shell ...
In Java associative arrays are implemented as "maps", which are part of the Java collections framework. Since J2SE 5.0 and the introduction of generics into Java, collections can have a type specified; for example, an associative array that maps strings to strings might be specified as follows:
Atomic strings: A string is no longer an array of characters (as in Integer BASIC and C); it is instead a garbage-collected object (as in Scheme and Java). This allows for string arrays; DIM A$ (10) creates an array of eleven string variables numbered 0–10. Multidimensional arrays (numbers or strings)