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Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.. A fiber, a single filament of natural material, such as cotton, linen or wool, or artificial material such as nylon, polyester, metal or mineral fiber, or human-made cellulosic fibre like viscose, Modal, Lyocell or other rayon fiber is measured in terms of linear mass density, the weight of a given length of ...
A Dictionary of Units of Measurement". University of North Carolina. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016 a commercial unit of length or area used to measure finished cloth. Generally speaking, one bolt represents a strip of cloth 100 yards (91.44 meters) long, but the width varies according to the fabric.
Fabric testing includes measurements such as fabric weight, fabric width, shrinkage testing, colour fastness to washing, fastness to light, pilling, tearing and bursting strength, etc. The primary consideration in fabric selection is the end use. The fabric needs vary greatly depending on the application.
Fabric "weight" is often specified as mass per unit area, grams per square meter (gsm) or ounces per square yard. It is also sometimes specified in ounces per yard in a standard width for the particular cloth. One gram per square meter equals 0.0295 ounces per square yard; one ounce per square yard equals 33.9 grams per square meter.
The width of the wales varies between fabric styles and is specified by wale count—the number of wales per inch. [5] A wale is a column of loops running lengthwise, corresponding to the warp of woven fabric. [6] The lower the number, the thicker the wales' width (e.g., 4-wale is much thicker than 11-wale).
Yarn weight is a factor; thicker yarns with less loft overall produce larger stitches than thinner yarns (reducing the number of stitches per width and length). Larger knitting needles also produce larger stitches, giving fewer stitches and rows per inch. Changing needle size is the best way to control one's own gauge for a given pattern and yarn.
Sizing or size is a substance that is applied to, or incorporated into, other materials—especially papers and textiles—to act as a protective filler or glaze.Sizing is used in papermaking and textile manufacturing to change the absorption and wear characteristics of those materials.
Fabric quality addresses fabric-related issues. Fabric inspection is a step of visual examination apart from the performance criteria; It finds various flaws and irregularities. Accordingly, it grades the fabrics as per quality level, fabric weight, shading color, number, and size of the defects.