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Ahkam (Arabic: أحكام, romanized: aḥkām, lit. 'rulings', plural of ḥukm, حُكْم) is an Islamic term with several meanings. In the Quran, the word hukm is variously used to mean arbitration, judgement, authority, or God's will.
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rabīʿa al-Thaqafī (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عثمان بن عبد الله بن ربيعة الثقفي), called Ibn Umm al-Ḥakam (Arabic: إبن أم الحكم), was a governor and military leader in the early Umayyad Caliphate.
Hisham ibn al-Hakam (Arabic: هشام بن الحكم) or Abul Hakam Hisham ibn Hakam Kendi was an 8th century AD (2nd century AH) Shiite scholar and a companion of Jafar al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kadhim. It was Hisham who defended the doctrine of Imamate. His debates on different religious matters are alive till present days. [1]
Al-Hakam never wrongs anyone and is never oppressive. He is the only true Judge; no one can overturn His judgment or change his decree. [2] Hakam comes from the root Haa - kaaf- meem ح ک م which refers to the attribute of judging, being wise, passing a verdict, and preventing or restraining people from wrongdoing.
Ibn Abd al-Hakam came from an Arab family. [3] The author's father Abdullah and brother Muhammad were the leading Egyptian authorities of their time (early ninth century) on the Maliki school of fiqh (Islamic law). After the father's death, the family were persecuted by the caliph al-Wathiq for their adherence to orthodoxy. [citation needed]
Al-Hakam was known to have staunchly opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was thus exiled by the latter from Mecca to the nearby town of Taif. [6] According to the history of 9th-century historian al-Tabari, Muhammad later pardoned al-Hakam and he was allowed to return to his hometown. [7]
Al-Hakam II, also known as Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Mustanṣir bi-Llāh al-Hakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ( أَبُو الْعَاصٍ الْمُسْتَنْصِرِ بِاللهِ الْحَكْمِ بْن عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ; 13 January 915 – 1 October 976), was the Caliph of Córdoba .
Al-Hakam was the second son of his father, his older brother having died at an early age. When he came to power, he was challenged by his uncles Sulayman and Abdallah, sons of his grandfather Abd ar-Rahman I. Abdallah took his two sons Ubayd Allah and Abd al-Malik to the court of Charlemagne in Aix-la-Chapelle to negotiate for aid. In the ...