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A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. [1] The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages . Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text.
Created in 1989 [8] by Brian Fox for the GNU Project, it is supported by the Free Software Foundation and designed as a 100% free alternative for the Bourne shell (sh) and other proprietary Unix shells. [9] Since its inception, Bash has gained widespread adoption and is commonly used as the default login shell for numerous Linux distributions. [10]
A common value is /bin/sh, but some systems such as Solaris have the POSIX-compatible shell at /usr/xpg4/bin/sh. [13] In many Linux systems, /bin/sh is a hard or symbolic link to /bin/bash, the Bourne Again shell (BASH). Using bash-specific syntax while maintaining a shebang pointing to sh is also not portable. [14]
tcsh and sh shell windows on a Mac OS X Leopard [1] desktop A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems . The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system ...
The interpreter would execute one of a number of predefined commands, one of which would be to run a user program. Common commands would log the user on and off the system, allocate, free, and manipulate devices and files, and query various pieces of information about the system or a user process. [7]
If a script is invoked as an argument to the interpreting shell, it will be executed regardless of whether the user holds the execute permission for that script. Although Windows also specifies an execute permission, none of the Windows-specific shells block script execution if the permission has not been granted.
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell command-line interpreter for computer operating systems. It first appeared on Version 7 Unix , as its default shell . Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh —which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users.
COMMAND.COM, the original Microsoft command line processor introduced on MS-DOS as well as Windows 9x, in 32-bit versions of NT-based Windows via NTVDM; cmd.exe, successor of COMMAND.COM introduced on OS/2 and Windows NT systems, although COMMAND.COM is still available in virtual DOS machines on IA-32 versions of those operating systems also.