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However, aims of phasing out fossil fuels and petroleum use may also present economic benefits such as increased investment. This strategy may help achieve social goals for example reduction in pollution which might translate to better environmental and health outcomes. [76]
Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce air pollution, limit climate change, and strengthen energy independence. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition , but is being hindered by fossil fuel subsidies .
Clean burning fuels and electricity are unavailable in rural parts and small towns of India because of limited and deteriorating infrastructure. Air pollution in India is a serious issue, with the major sources being biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission, and traffic congestion.
Land use change, especially in the form of deforestation, is the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, after the burning of fossil fuels. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Greenhouse gases are emitted from deforestation during the burning of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon .
The impact on wildlife stems primarily from disturbing, removing and redistributing the land surface. Some impacts are short-term and confined to the mine site however others have far-reaching, long-term effects. The most direct effect on wildlife is destruction or displacement of species in areas of excavation and spoil piling.
Satpura coal-fired power station. India was ranked seventh among the list of countries most affected by climate change in 2019. [1] India emits about 3 gigatonnes CO 2eq of greenhouse gases each year; about two and a half tons per person, which is less than the world average. [2]
A 2008 programmatic environmental impact statement issued by the United States Bureau of Land Management stated that surface mining and retort operations produce 2 to 10 U.S. gallons (7.6 to 37.9 L; 1.7 to 8.3 imp gal) of waste water per 1 short ton (0.91 t) of processed oil shale. [13]
In Chapter 7, Epstein aims to look into the potential downsides of fossil fuels, but instead of the more mainstream "anti-impact framework" that is used, Epstein argues that a "human flourishing framework" ought to be the lens from which we (humanity) evaluate the potential benefits and negative effects of using and increasing use of fossil ...