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These impulses are recorded by an ECG, which shows how fast, the rhythm, intensity and timing of the electrical impulses as they travel through the heart. [51] Electrocardiography shows right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), along with right axis deviation. [24] RVH is noted on EKG as tall R-waves in lead V1 and deep S-waves in lead V5–V6. [52]
The anomalous left coronary artery (LCA) usually arises from the pulmonary artery instead of the aortic sinus. In fetal life, the high pressure in the pulmonic artery and the fetal shunts enable oxygen-rich blood to flow in the LCA. By the time of birth, the pressure will decrease in the pulmonic artery and the child will have a postnatal ...
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a rare cyanotic congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary veins drain into the right side of the heart instead of the left, as is usually seen. This can happen within the heart (intracardiac) where it drains into the coronary sinus or ...
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Initial attempts to image the heart were confounded by respiratory and cardiac motion, solved by using cardiac ECG gating, faster scan techniques and breath hold imaging. Increasingly sophisticated techniques were developed including cine imaging and techniques to characterise heart muscle as normal or abnormal (fat infiltration, oedematous ...
5 Words: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return; A mainstem intubation with an endotracheal tube can lead to right-to-left shunting. [citation needed] This occurs when the tip of the endotracheal tube is placed beyond the carina. In this way only one lung is oxygenated and oxygen-poor blood from the non-ventilated lung dilutes the oxygen level ...
CHB can be isolated, where the fetus does not suffer from any other problems, or it can be a result of other diseases either in the child or in the mother. [1] In most cases, the congenital heart block is associated with other diseases, [5] [4] [1] and therefore, the symptoms vary a lot between patients. However, low heart rate is usually the ...
Children and young adults with these defects can die suddenly, especially during or just after exercise. In fact, AAOCA is the second leading cause of sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents in the United States behind hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence is estimated at 0.1% to 0.3% of the general population. Neither the true ...