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  2. Expected return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_return

    The expected return (or expected gain) on a financial investment is the expected value of its return (of the profit on the investment). ... For example, if one knew a ...

  3. Expected shortfall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_shortfall

    Expected shortfall (ES) is a risk measure—a concept used in the field of financial risk measurement to evaluate the market risk or credit risk of a portfolio. The "expected shortfall at q% level" is the expected return on the portfolio in the worst q % {\displaystyle q\%} of cases.

  4. Modern portfolio theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory

    (⁡ ()) is the market premium, the expected excess return of the market portfolio's expected return over the risk-free rate. A derivation [ 14 ] is as follows: (1) The incremental impact on risk and expected return when an additional risky asset, a , is added to the market portfolio, m , follows from the formulae for a two-asset portfolio.

  5. Swedroe: Expected Vs. Realized Returns - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/swedroe-expected-vs-realized...

    Forecasting returns accurately isn’t easy, but being wrong can have heavy implications.

  6. Cost of capital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_capital

    E s is the expected return for a security; R f is the expected risk-free return in that market (government bond yield); β s is the sensitivity to market risk for the security; R m is the historical return of the stock market; and (R m – R f) is the risk premium of market assets over risk free assets.

  7. Abnormal return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_return

    Usually a broad index, such as the S&P 500 or a national index like the Nikkei 225, is used as a benchmark to determine the expected return. For example, if a stock increased by 5% because of some news that affected the stock price, but the average market only increased by 3% and the stock has a beta of 1, then the abnormal return was 2% (5% ...

  8. Kelly criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion

    Example of the optimal Kelly betting fraction, versus expected return of other fractional bets. In probability theory, the Kelly criterion (or Kelly strategy or Kelly bet) is a formula for sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing the long-term expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the long-term expected geometric growth rate.

  9. Tax refunds are flowing, but IRS is seeing fewer early ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/tax-refunds-flowing-irs-seeing...

    Many times, those filing tax returns in late January and early February want to receive their refund cash as early as possible. If you file your federal income tax return on Feb. 17, for example ...