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Autosomal dominant multiple pterygium syndrome is a cutaneous condition inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. [2] Society
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Symptoms of pterygium include persistent redness, [9] inflammation, [10] foreign body sensation, tearing, dry and itchy eyes. In advanced cases the pterygium can affect vision [ 10 ] as it invades the cornea with the potential of obscuring the optical center of the cornea and inducing astigmatism and corneal scarring. [ 11 ]
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate , involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.
Every medication has potential adverse side-effects. With every drug added, there is an additive risk of side-effects. Also, some medications have interactions with other substances, including foods, other medications, and herbal supplements. [47] 15% of older adults are potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction. [48]
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Bartsocas-Papas syndrome is a form of popliteal pterygium syndrome and is a very rare disease characterized by congenital craniofacial anomalies, popliteal webbing, and genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies. It was first described by Dr. Christos Bartsocas and is more specifically an autosomal recessive popliteal pterygium syndrome. [8]
There are two lines of treatment for Pisa syndrome. The first line entails discontinuation or reduction in dose of the antipsychotic drug(s). The second line of treatment is an anticholinergic medication. A pharmacological therapy for Pisa syndrome caused by prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs has not been established yet. [10]