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Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart 's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. [ 3 ]
Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4] Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections. [8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.
Structural heart disease is present in stage C, which causes symptoms of heart failure. You may develop symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, or swelling due to fluid buildup.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
Hs and Ts. The Hs and Ts is a mnemonic used to aid in remembering the possible reversible causes of cardiac arrest. [1] A variety of disease processes can lead to a cardiac arrest; however, they usually boil down to one or more of the "Hs and Ts". [2][3][4]
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a disease in which the long-term consumption of alcohol leads to heart failure. [1] ACM is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy. The heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to heart failure. It can affect other parts of the body if the heart failure is severe. It is most common in males between the ages ...