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Where was the house of Peter, which the Bible suggests was the home of Jesus in Capernaum (Matthew 8:14–16)? Italian excavators working in Capernaum may have actually uncovered the remnants of the humble house of Peter that Jesus called home while in Capernaum.
It is significant in Scripture because Capernaum was the chosen home city of Jesus after He was driven from Nazareth by the religious officials (Luke 4:16, 28–30). Capernaum was also the home of Peter and Andrew and where Jesus called them to follow Him (Matthew 4:18–20).
Jesus moved to Capernaum from his hometown of Nazareth at the beginning of his ministry. A couple of events seem to have prompted this move. First, after speaking at the synagogue in Nazareth, a mob enraged by his words attempted to throw him off the brow of the large hill.
According to Luke 7:1–10 and Matthew 8:5, this is also the place where Jesus healed the servant of a Roman centurion who had asked for his help. Capernaum is the location of the healing of the paralytic lowered by friends through the roof to reach Jesus, as described in Mark 2:1–12 and Luke 5:17–26.
Matthew 4:13 tells us ‘He lived there.” In Mark 2:1, it is reported as His home, Matthew 9:1 refers to it as “His own city,” and in John 6:24, when the disciples could not find Jesus, they sought for Him in Capernaum. At the synagogue in Capernaum, Jesus amazed the crowds with His teaching.
Jesus, just before his public ministry began, left his boyhood home in Nazareth and took up residence in the city. This move was a fulfillment of prophecy (see Isaiah 9:1 - 2 and Matthew 4:13 - 16). Capernaum was the backdrop of many of Christ's mighty miracles.
New evidence indicates that Romans indeed lived in Capernaum in the first century A.D. Moreover, far from being a poor, isolated village, Capernaum, the center of Jesus’ Galilean ministry, was quite prosperous and was apparently home to gentiles as well as Jews.
Capernaum is where Jesus lived as he carried out his mission. Most of the chapters in the New Testament describe what happened when he was living in Capernaum – from his baptism to the last week of his life. Jesus chose his twelve disciples in this area on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee.
Did Jesus Live in Capernaum? Matthew 4:12-13 says, “When Jesus heard that John had been put in prison, he withdrew to Galilee. Leaving Nazareth, he went and lived in Capernaum, which was by the lake in the area of Zebulun and Naphtali….”
All four gospels report that Jesus visited Capernaum in Galilee and often attended the synagogue there: Matthew 4:13 describes Jesus leaving Nazareth and settling in Capernaum. Mark 1:21–28 describes Jesus teaching and healing in the synagogue.