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  2. Bradley–Terry model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley–Terry_model

    The Bradley–Terry model is a probability model for the outcome of pairwise comparisons between items, teams, or objects. Given a pair of items i and j drawn from some population, it estimates the probability that the pairwise comparison i > j turns out true, as. where pi is a positive real-valued score assigned to individual i. The comparison ...

  3. Statistical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_model

    A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. [1] When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding ...

  4. Akaike information criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaike_information_criterion

    To formulate the test as a comparison of models, we construct two different models. The first model models the two populations as having potentially different means and standard deviations. The likelihood function for the first model is thus the product of the likelihoods for two distinct normal distributions; so it has four parameters: μ 1 ...

  5. Semantic feature-comparison model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_feature...

    Semantic feature-comparison model. The semantic feature comparison model is used "to derive predictions about categorization times in a situation where a subject must rapidly decide whether a test item is a member of a particular target category". [1] In this semantic model, there is an assumption that certain occurrences are categorized using ...

  6. Contrast (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(statistics)

    A contrast is defined as the sum of each group mean multiplied by a coefficient for each group (i.e., a signed number, c j). [10] In equation form, , where L is the weighted sum of group means, the c j coefficients represent the assigned weights of the means (these must sum to 0 for orthogonal contrasts), and j represents the group means. [8]

  7. Singapore math - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_math

    Singapore math (or Singapore maths in British English [1]) is a teaching method based on the national mathematics curriculum used for first through sixth grade in Singaporean schools. [2][3] The term was coined in the United States [4] to describe an approach originally developed in Singapore to teach students to learn and master fewer ...

  8. Comparison theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_theorem

    In the theory of differential equations, comparison theorems assert particular properties of solutions of a differential equation (or of a system thereof), provided that an auxiliary equation/inequality (or a system thereof) possesses a certain property. [1][2] Grönwall's inequality, and its various generalizations, provides a comparison ...

  9. Likelihood-ratio test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood-ratio_test

    Likelihood-ratio test. In statistics, the likelihood-ratio test is a hypothesis test that involves comparing the goodness of fit of two competing statistical models, typically one found by maximization over the entire parameter space and another found after imposing some constraint, based on the ratio of their likelihoods.