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Melanonychia is a black or brown pigmentation of a nail, and may be present as a normal finding on many digits in Afro-Caribbeans, as a result of trauma, systemic disease, or medications, or as a postinflammatory event from such localized events as lichen planus or fixed drug eruption.
Onychomadesis is defined by the nail plate's detachment from the matrix, its continuous connection to the nail bed, and, frequently but not always, shedding. [4] Beau lines are transverse ridges on the nail plates. [5]
Melanonychia (longitudinal streaking that darkens or does not grow out), especially on the thumb or big toe, may indicate subungual melanoma. White lines across the nail ( leukonychia striata, or transverse leukonychia) may be Mees' lines or Muehrcke's lines .
The basis of laser treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. [49] As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. [ 2 ] There is also ongoing development in photodynamic therapy , which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.
Melanonychia with pigmentation of the proximal nail fold. [3]: 671 This is an important sign of subungual melanoma although is not an infallible predictor. Periungual hyperpigmentation occurs in at least one nonmelanoma skin cancer, Bowen's disease of the nail unit.
An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis (from Greek: ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail' and κρυπτός (kryptos) 'hidden') is a common form of nail disease.It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed.
Muehrcke's lines were described by American physician Robert C. Muehrcke (1921–2003) in 1956. In a study published in BMJ, he examined patients with known chronic hypoalbuminemia and healthy volunteers, finding that the appearance of multiple transverse white lines was a highly specific marker for low serum albumin (no subject with the sign had SA over 2.2 g/dL), was associated with severity ...
Psoriatic nails are characterized by a translucent discolouration in the nail bed that resembles a drop of oil beneath the nail plate. [2] Early signs that may accompany the "oil drop" include thickening of the lateral edges of the nail bed with or without resultant flattening or concavity of the nail; separation of the nail from the underlying nail bed, often in thin streaks from the tip-edge ...