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Polycarp (/ ˈ p ɒ l i k ɑːr p /; Greek: Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Latin: Polycarpus; AD 69 – 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna. [2] According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. [3]
The Decian persecution was a grave blow to the Church. [34] At Carthage, there was mass apostasy (renunciation of the faith). [35] At Smyrna, the bishop Euctemon sacrificed and encouraged others to do the same. [36] Because the Church was largely urban, it should have been easy to identify, isolate and destroy the Church hierarchy. This did not ...
Martyrdom of Polycarp. Martyrdom of Polycarp is a manuscript written in the form of a letter that relates the religious martyrdom of Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (the site of the modern city of İzmir, Turkey) and disciple of John the Apostle in the 2nd century AD. It forms the earliest account of Christian martyrdom outside of the New Testament.
Martyrdom of Pionius. The Martyrdom of Pionius (Greek: Πιόνιος) is an account dating from about 250 AD [1] to 300 AD [2] of the martyrdom of a Christian from Smyrna named Pionius. [3] It is also known as The Martyrdom of Pionius the Presbyter and His Companions, [4] The Acts of Pionius, [5] and in Latin as Martyrium Pionii[6] or Passio ...
The Book of Revelation provides descriptions of each Church. Ephesus (Revelation 2:1–7): known for having labored hard and not fainted, and separating themselves from the wicked; admonished for having forsaken its first love (2:4) Smyrna (Revelation 2:8–11): admired for its tribulation and poverty; forecast to suffer persecution (2:10)
Smyrna burning during the Fire of Smyrna. According to different estimates some 10.000, [120] to 100,000 [104] Greeks and Armenians were killed in the fire and accompanying massacres. Smyrna citizens trying to reach the Allied ships during the Smyrna fire, 1922. The photo was taken from the launch boat of a US battleship.
The American Consul General in Smyrna at the time, George Horton, wrote that before the fire there were 400,000 people living in the city of Smyrna, of whom 165,000 were Turks, 150,000 were Greeks, 25,000 were Jews, 25,000 were Armenians, and 20,000 were foreigners—10,000 Italians, 3,000 French, 2,000 British, and 300 Americans. [28]
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical period in which they worked became known as the Patristic Era and spans approximately from the late 1st to ...