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  2. Justice of the peace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace

    California formerly had justice of the peace courts staffed by lay judges, but began phasing them out after a landmark 1974 decision in which the Supreme Court of California unanimously held that it was a violation of federal due process (in the state's view of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution) to allow a nonlawyer to preside ...

  3. Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act of 1976 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Determinate...

    The Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act of 1976 was a bill signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown to changes sentencing requirements in the California Penal Code.The act converted most sentences from an "indeterminate" sentence length at the discretion of the parole board to a "determinate" sentence length specified by the state legislature.

  4. Magistrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magistrate

    Magistrates have a maximum sentencing power of up to 12 months' imprisonment, and/or an unlimited fine. [5] In practice, magistrates have a wide range of sentencing options, which include issuing fines , imposing community orders, or dealing with offences by means of a discharge .

  5. California lawmakers move to change sentencing law following ...

    www.aol.com/article/2016/06/22/california...

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  6. Summary jurisdiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summary_jurisdiction

    Summary jurisdiction, in the widest sense of the phrase, in English law includes the power asserted by courts of record to deal brevi manu (directly) with contempts of court without the intervention of a jury. Probably the power was originally exercisable only when the fact was notorious, i.e. done in presence of the court.

  7. Law of California - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_California

    Pursuant to the state constitution, the California State Legislature and the Governor have enacted the California Statutes, which in turn have been codified into the 29 California Codes. The first four codes, enacted in 1872, were the Civil Code, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Penal Code, and the Political Code (which much later would become ...

  8. Criminal jurisdiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_jurisdiction

    Criminal jurisdiction is a term used in constitutional law and public law to describe the power of courts to hear a case brought by a state accusing a defendant of the commission of a crime. It is relevant in three distinct situations: to regulate the relationship between states, or between one state and another;

  9. Judiciary of California - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_California

    The California Constitution provides that the state's judicial power is vested in the courts, but it also permits some delegation of judicial authority. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] This authority to delegate subordinate judicial duties is distinct from the courts' authority to appoint temporary judges, which requires a stipulation by the parties. [ 35 ]