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Leopold's maneuvers. In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the ...
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery.
Leopold's maneuvers may find the fetus in an oblique or breech position or lying transverse as a result of the abnormal position of the placenta. Malpresentation is found in about 35% cases. [ 20 ] Vaginal examination is avoided in known cases of placenta previa.
Depending on the situation, it may or may not be possible to save the patient and it may or may not be possible to save her fetus. But for both, a resuscitative hysterotomy is the best chance of survival. Prior to viability (approximately 24 weeks' gestation), it is not possible to save the fetus. It cannot survive outside the womb, but also ...
heart failure: distension of pulmonary vascular bed causes tachypnoea: Chvostek sign: František Chvostek: endocrinology: hypocalcemia: tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s) Claybrook sign: Edwin Claybrook: emergency medicine, surgery: blunt abdominal trauma: heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall ...
Christian Gerhard Leopold (24 February 1846 – 12 September 1911) was a German gynecologist born in Meerane, Saxony. In 1870 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig , where he studied under Carl Siegmund Franz Credé (1819-1892), who would later become his father-in-law.
During uterine contractions, fetal oxygenation is worsened. Late decelerations in fetal heart rate occurring during uterine contractions are associated with increased fetal death rate, growth retardation and neonatal depression. [1] [2] This test assesses fetal heart rate in response to uterine contractions via electronic fetal monitoring.
All in all, the left side failure of the heart will lead to pulmonary edema whereas right side failure will lead to peripheral edema and ascites. The non-immune form of hydrops fetalis has many causes including: [7] [8] Iron deficiency anemia; Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia resulting in heart failure; Deficiency of the enzyme beta ...